Sunday, November 17, 2013

An easy new Vegetable Bed for our Veggie garden, here's how ~ Mariella

My husband wasted no time in implementing the more practical information acquired on the Permaculture weekend. 



Here’s an easy step by step to create a vegetable bed which is a hybrid between a lasagna style bed and a Hugel bed. 

This lovely illustration comes from http://www.permaculture.co.uk/articles/many-benefits-hugelkultur A very informative site on Permaculture. 
A lasagna garden bed, also known as sheet mulching, is a no-till, no-dig gardening method that turns materials like kitchen waste, straw, garden clippings, cardboard, newspapers into rich, healthy soil without too much effort.  The name refers to the method of building rich soil by creating layers of organic materials which will ‘cook down’ over time resulting in fluffy, loamy soil. If you want to enrich the soil further you layer compost on top opposed to ever digging the soil up again. 
A Hugel bed is a raised or ‘hill bed’, a gardening and farming technique using wooden logs and big branches as a slow constant source of nutrients releasing over time under the ground, enriching it. This method mimics the natural cycle of nutrients found on healthy forest floors. It also soaks up rainfall and releases it slowly into the surrounding soil.

Step 1
Dig out your bed (Christiaan dug it out 1.5 spades or 40/50 cm deep) and pile the soil up next to the bed.
Step 2
Line the bottom of the bed with large branches and logs, he used thick fynbos. Using large branches slows down the nutrient process and helps hold moisture in the bed.  It’s important to use what you have in your own garden.
Step 3
Put down a thick layer of dry garden stuff like leaves, straw, dry lawn clippings.


Step  4
Layer with thinner twigs and green stuff like fresh leaves, lawn clippings and Comfrey leaves; which adds potassium to the soil and is an excellent compost starter. You can also grow yarrow, dandelion, and stinging nettle specifically to enrich the soil in your beds.
Step 5
Layer of Manure or Bounce back, which is a natural chicken manure in pellet form found at any local garden centre.
Step 6
Put the soil back on top of the bed. This results in a raised bed cooking with nutrients!


Friday, November 15, 2013

Mushroom Picking ~ Mariella

Warning: Do not try this at home without the assistance of a professional! This post is not intended as a tutorial.


 A few years ago we bought a beat up ol’ van from a gypsy and traveled around Britain. We found the forest folk and animals to be friendlier than the town’s people and spent most of our time on the road, in lovely old villages and woodland areas. 



We read the Hobbit by candlelight in the evenings and left the fast paced world behind for a few months. I learnt to knit!

Another habit which stuck was mushroom hunting. My husband had been studying culinary mushroom for years and when Autumn kicked around we found ourselves surrounded by forests full of the types of edible varieties not available in South Africa

Wood Blewits
Cauliflower Fungus
We found purple Wood Blewits which grow in Faerie rings, making them easy to find once you’d happened upon the first one, Cauliflower fungus, strange looking, delicious and unfortunately in a drainage ditch in a London park so we had to give it a miss! 

Velvet Shank
Parasol Mushroom
We found Oyster mushrooms and Velvet Shanks, we were chased about the cliff top moors by wild ponies aiming to pilfer our giant Parasol Mushrooms out of our backpacks! And had the stroke of luck to stumble upon a Giant edible Puffball on a country lane in Wales. ‘Good in Soup’ said our Welsh friend, something he said whenever food didn’t quite agree with him! There were many Amanita Muscaria dotting the forest, we gave them a miss, not too tasty.
Fly Agaric or Amanita Muscaria
Giant edible Puff Ball 
We were hooked; we had mushrooms with egg for breakfast, mushrooms with salad for lunch and mushrooms with rice for dinner! We ate new varieties everyday, but the holy grail of varieties we were constantly on the lookout for, except for Chanterelles which we never found, was the Boletus. Boletus Edulus or Porcini in particular. Boletus is a large family of mostly edible mushrooms easier to identify than most because they have sponge underneath instead of gills. They are melt-in-your-mouth-delicious!

 

Mushroom hunting was one thing we missed the most about leaving England and moving to the Garden Route meant that we could take it up again! With no short supply of Pine trees, Boletus is easy to find if you know where and when to look and even though the other varieties are sadly lacking, we content ourselves with all the different Boletus available. We went hunting this week and found enough for a few dinners and to dry. Its best to pick them young, although one should never ‘pick’ mushrooms as it destroys the 'plant' or mycelium and minimizes your chances of finding them in the same place again next time. It’s best to slice them off at the base.

A Pile of Fresh Porcini!
There are so many delicious recipes for Porcini, with its well rounded nutty flavour, but I think my favourite is in an Italian tomato sauce on Pasta, although omelette is also good, and fried in butter with Paneer is also ready delectable. You really can’t go wrong! We pick the young ones only as this gives the older ones a chance to drop their spores and also, the ‘meat’ diminishes and dries out as they get bigger and the bugs dig in too. 

Fully grown Porcini are easy to find but no longer edible
Harvesting from the forest is a great family outing and we took friends whose children hadn't been before. The forest echoed with happy squeals as they found their first mushrooms and we were told several times about the Slippery Jacks and how they were NOT the right ones! Children learn fast!  
   


Friday, November 8, 2013

What I learnt from the Permaculture Festival ~ Mariella

Our MC Stuart Palmer from Lunchbox Theatre
https://www.facebook.com/LBTheatre
The permaculture festival was such an inspirational event, a coming together of like minds in the name of sustainability and knowledge sharing,all the while accommodating, in true permaculture spirit, the constantly evolving natural environment and torrential rains for days prior to the event! 
Try planning and setting up in that! 
But the sun came out for us and it was a raging success. Here are some points I jotted down which have stayed with me throughout this week and will hopefully inform the way I plan and design aspects of my life, from my garden to my business:

~Complex problems often require the simplest of solutions. Don’t over think things. Identify where small action will have the largest effect.

Phillipa Mallac's lovely Heirloom seeds
~There are three basic principles in Permaculture which I’ve covered before.
Care for the planet.
Care for people.
Give away surplus, which takes care of the first two!
When people first hear this they think ‘am I just supposed to give things away?’ Not really, no! We were encouraged, in the first talk of the festival by Alex Kruger to shatter the concept of lack by being fearless in giving away surplus! But this can also be done by swopping out with farmers who have excess of a crop you haven’t grown, or selling excess off at local farmers markets, it also means feeding the excess back into the ground in the form of mulch and compost. See everything as a resource. Just remember one thing, if everybody gives then no body needs!

Peter Mcintosh showing us exactly how to tell if the consistency of your mud brick is good enough to build with!
~ Alex also moved us to re-look at our concept of nature as a static thing which requires one assessment to come to conclusions and actions. It is ever changing and so are we, its acceptable to re-look at things, to adjust The Plan of Action if, somewhere down the road, we or what we are working on, has grown out of the design we’ve created.

The Crags Eco Preschool's food stall was a raging success and great fundraiser.
And their crunchy thingies were yum!
~ Use and value renewable and regenerative resources – these are resources which do not diminish as they are used, such as sunlight and wind.

~Develop a strong sturdy ethical base for your decision making.

Local honey and teas
~Observe and interact. Your success rate increases the more you understand the environment you’re designing for and that takes time. Sit in the site where you’d like your garden to be, watch how the sun moves over the land, see what happens when it rains, where do the strongest winds come from, where's the best view?

~ Look at the yield you seek to obtain – delicious fresh vegetables and fruit, successful business, ecosystem restoration, happy inspired people etc. See these results as a form of positive feedback, put in some well thought out positivity and get a whole lot out.

What would a Permaculture Festival be without Tipis?
~ You know you’re on the right track when you’ve created a system which is self-regulating and self perpetuating, it wont fall apart if you’re not there!

~ Produce no waste. A system which produces waste of ANY kind is not a complete system. Instead of throwing garden refuse away, create a compost pit and turn the ‘waste’ into valuable compost which can enrich the ground. Instead of letting your grey water down the drain, create a grey water system which will help irrigate your garden and manage pollution.

 
 
~ Look at the patterns in Nature and learn from them. Remember to zoom in and out when you design, its so easy to fixate on one fine detail and lose track of the whole.

~ Integrate don’t segregate. Adopt an inclusive attitude when designing your business model/ garden/ home/life. Consider the benefits of including neighbours, colleagues, friends, charities, institutions of learning. Be cooperative not competitive!

 ~ Strength and resilience lie in diversity. Look at nature, at the complexity of one square meter of indigenous forest, how everything works in an interlocking seamless way. Create systems where problems can be solved from more than one source and every element has more than one function. Design safety nets within your system. If you have a sloping garden with water runoff issues, focus on trapping and slowing down water by turning pathways into swales along the contour lines of the land. Fill them with mulch so they may slowly feed the soil and keep it hydrated while combating erosion. 


We, ourselves, are not mono-cultures either. We are multi-functional and we require the same of our environment.


~ Use edges and value the marginal. This is where ‘things’ accumulate, like a fence line accumulates debris or the waterline on the beach accumulates stones, driftwood, shells. The same can be said of thoughts! Marginalized thought can, before you know it, enrich main stream thought.

~ Creatively use and respond to change. It’s the only thing which is constant!

~ Vision is not seeing things as they are but as they will be!

What stood out for me the most after this course was the feeling that I am not alone, these were my people! I didn’t need to contract or expand to fit. If you do not surround yourself with people who are on the same road as you, your path may be a lonely one ( and slightly mono-culture). Surround yourself with people you can learn from, and keep yourself growing so that you have something to give. Keep the perpetual motor machine going. 
And keep it going in the right direction!   

Check out Berg-En-Dal, a Permaculture Farm Near Ladismith, one of the places in South Africa where the magic happens!